岳石文化時期海岱文化區人文地理格局演變探析

  來源: 中國考古網

　
　
關鍵詞: 岳石文化 海岱地區 人文地理格局 東夷
KEY WORDS : Yueshi culture 　Haidai area 　culture- geographical pattern Dongyi ethnic group
ABSTRACT : The Yueshi culture period was a dynamic epoch when the culture-geographical pat tern in the Haidai cultural area went through a great change . In the incipient phase the sites of the Yueshi culture sharply decreased in comparison with those of the Longshan period, their dist ribution was un-even, and the Dongyi ethnic group migrated from place to place. Later, the Yueshi culture entered a period of steady development, when various cultural types in the Haidai area seem relatively even in distribution, and exchanges between the Yueshi and other cultures took place mainly in confluent areas of borderland. In the early Shang period , the settlements of the Shang culture in the territory of the Yueshi culture were merely a few inserted points and there was a close relationship and alliance between the Shang people and the Yi people. At the late stage of the Yueshi culture, as Shang power advanced east-wards, the Shang culture gradually entered　 the hinterland of the Haidai cultural area and replaced the Yueshi culture, while the latter constantly shrunk back , which led to a great change of t he culture-geographical pattern in the Haidai area .
　
　
　
　　　 海岱文化區主要以今山東省爲中心,包含蘇、皖兩省淮河以北及豫東的廣大地區,簡稱海岱地區或海岱區。岳石文化是海岱文化區內一支非常重要的考古學文化,同時期與岳石文化臨近地區活躍著二里頭文化、先商文化及其後繼的二里岡商文化。多年來對這些考古學文化的分期、年代、分布等的研究取得了豐碩成果,這使我們可以對這一時期夷、夏、商三大集團的人文地理分布格局有一個宏觀的認識。然而,在利用聚落考古研究成果及考古學文化因素分析等方法對相關遺存加以分析時,發現這個時間段內海岱文化區的人文地理格局是一個變化較大的時期,大體可分爲四個明顯的階段。本文主要利用考古學研究的成果,結合歷史文獻,從歷史文化地理學的視角出發對岳石文化時期夷、夏、商三大集團的分布、對峙、交流、融合, 特別是海岱文化區內東夷族群的分布、流變作一初步研究, 以認識四個階段該地區人文地理格局,同時嘗試分析造成這種格局的種種原因。
　
　
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原文發表在【考古】2009年第11期
　
　
（責任編輯：孫丹）
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